欧盟：孔雀石绿在水产品限量2微克/公斤不存在健康问题

据欧盟食品安全局（EFSA）消息，早在2016年，欧盟食品安全局分别就孔雀石绿用于食品的安全性进行了评估。

7月27日，欧盟食品安全局评估了孔雀石绿（MG）用于水产品中的安全性问题。研究了鱼、甲壳类水产品中孔雀石绿与其主要代谢物隐色孔雀绿（LMG）的限量问题。

经过评估，欧盟食品安全局得出结论认为，孔雀石绿与其主要代谢物隐色孔雀绿（LMG）在水产品限量2μg/kg不存在健康问题。

原文：

Malachite green (MG) has been used globally in aquaculture but is not registered for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 2 μg/kg for the sum of MG and its major metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) is adequate to protect public health. Available occurrence data were not suitable for a reliable exposure assessment. The hypothetical dietary exposure was calculated, considering the RPA as occurrence value for all types of fish, fish products and crustaceans. Mean dietary exposure across different European dietary surveys and age classes would range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. For high and frequent fish consumers, the exposure would range from 1.3 to 11.8 ng/kg bw per day. Both MG and LMG induced formation of DNA adducts in livers of rats and/or mice, and of micronuclei in mice. LMG also induced cIItransgene mutations in mouse liver. MG caused a small, not dose-related, increase in thyroid gland follicular adenomas and carcinomas, and of mammary gland carcinomas in female rats. LMG caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice. Both MG and LMG may be considered as carcinogenic and as genotoxic in vivo. A lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10% extra risk (BMDL10) of 13 mg/kg bw per day for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was selected as reference point for neoplastic effects. For non-neoplastic effects, a lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 5% extra risk (BMDL05) of 6 mg/kg bw per day was selected for the effect of MG on liver weight and of LMG on body weight. The margins of exposure were 1.1 × 106 or greater for neoplastic effects and 4.9 × 105 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with MG/LMG at or below the RPA of 2 μg/kg represents a health concern.

原文网址：

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4530